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Happy Hollidays!ArticleHolliday junctions were discovered in 1964 by geneticist Robin Holliday to describe how gene-conversion events occur during meiosis in fungi. Holliday junctions are a four-way DNA junction formed during replication fork regression, homology-dependent repair, and mitosis. Specifically, they are an intermediate of replication and form at the site of double-stranded DNA breaks.
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IgG Fractions: Enrich Affinity and Reduce BackgroundeBookComparing and contrasting antiserum and IgG fractions can guide scientists searching for the right reagent to meet immunoassay-specific needs.
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Development and application of an end-to-end staining and analysis pipeline to identify immune cell infiltrates in oral cancer samples using a targeted multiplex immunohistochemistry antibody panelDanielle Fails, Trevor D. McKee, Michael SpencerPosterThe tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in determining how a tumor may respond to therapy, particularly for cancer immunotherapy approaches. Improvements in the number of biomarkers that can be simultaneously screened have led to the ability to probe for numerous cell types expressing multiple markers within the TME. The ability to probe the tumor microenvironment (TME) at the single cell level is important for understanding of interactions between tumors and immune cells, particularly whether immune cells have infiltrated into tumor nests, and with regards to the presence or absence of immune checkpoint markers. The ability to interrogate these questions relies on the ability to assess multiple biomarkers simultaneously for cell phenotyping in their spatial context. Here we demonstrate rapid design and optimization of a panel of antibodies for multiplexed immunohistochemical staining of a series of oral cancer tumor samples.
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Utilizing the AbNano™ VHH Naïve Library for identifying and characterizing VHH binders to key immuno-oncology targetsAmber D. Miller, PhD, Qiang Chen, Jessica Tracy, PhD, Kathy Henze, Fiona H.Y. Yuen, Liz Wilson, Kallie Kilchrist, Nathan Lee, Monique N. Navarro, Andrea Ceron, Michael Spencer, PhD and Sam Sugerman, PhDPosterVHH domains, derived from the variable heavy chain of the heavy chain-only IgG2 and IgG3 domains in camelids, represent a small, single-domain antibody fragment. Discovering novel VHH domains can take place by multiple workflows, including using B-cell sorting and using display libraries. Within display libraries, the library is generally one of three classes of molecule: synthetic molecules, immune-derived molecules, or naïve germline molecules.
Here, we present the construction and early validation of a large naïve library from llamas and alpacas. Characterization data suggests that this library, the AbNanoTM VHH Naïve Library, may be well-suited for rapid discovery of VHH domains binding to therapeutic targets with varying levels of affinity. In this study we show how the AbNano VHH Naïve Library can be used to identify target specific VHHs to PD-L1, including live cell binding by flow cytometry, while reducing the time and resources necessary to do so. -
Understanding Neuronal Network Activity in Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy 9October 18, 2024ArticleDevelopmental and epileptic encephalopathy 9 is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a mutation in PCDH19. Because disease only occurs in heterozygous PCDH19 individuals, scientists developed a mosaic mouse model where some cells express PCDH19 and others do not. This model helped them understand that PCDH19-negative neurons are hyperexcitable in a DEE9 mouse model and how the brain responds as a result.
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